6.1.1.1 Negation with auxiliary verb avoir

For negation of sentences that have a compound tense (as the already known passé composé) the first conjugated verb is mostly the conjugated form of avoir.

ne...pas encloses the conjugated form of avoir
J' ai mangé. Je n'ai pas mangé.
  I have eaten. I have not eaten.
Tu as pleuré. Tu n' as pas pleuré.
  You have cried. You have not cried.
Nous avons lu le livre. Nous n' avons pas lu le livre.
  We have read the book. We have not read the book.






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